Science for our seas
Humpback Whale
 Humpback whale breaching |  Dorsal fin from the side |  Top of the head |
|---|---|---|
 Tail from the back |  Tail from the side |  Tail upright showing patterns |
 Whale blowing |  Mother and calf underwater |  Whale underwater |
 Distribution map |
Taxonomy
Scientific name: Megaptera novaeangliae
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Balaenopteridae
Genus: Megaptera
IUCN status
Least concerned.
Appearance
Humpback whales are large whales that can grow to 11 to 18 meters in length. They are black from above and have a white underbelly. A distinguishable feature is that they have, white pectoral fins that are visible through the water. On their head is covered in fleshy tubercles that are only visible-up close. Humpbacks have a visible blow that is dense and bushy, sometimes in a ‘v’ shape, and can be 2.5 to 3 meters tall. They have a deeply notched tail fluke, often with uneven trailing edges and patchy white marks on the underside.
Habitat and distribution
Humpback whales are seen solitary or in pods of 4. They are normally seen and recorded in the summer in coastal waters, including the English Channel, but are also seed in colder waters in the Northern latitudes before heading south to breed in warmer waters. When migrating they cross over deep waters and sometimes enter the Bay of Biscay. It is estimated that there are about 68,000 humpback whales in the world.
Behaviour
Humpback whales are known to come to the surface and frequently breach, slapping their pectoral fins or tail in the sea. They use a number of different feeding techniques such as lunging, bubble netting, and feeding at the sea. Humpback whales are very vocal and can often be heard underwater.
Confusion with other species
Due to their size and their unique disapplies, appearance, and feeding techniques they are rarely confused with other species.
Threats
Humpback whales are often hit by large ships, which can cause injury. They also become entangled in discarded or lost fishing gear, which can result in injuries.
Interesting facts
Humpback whales make the longest migration every year out of all the mammals, land and water based.